Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 30 Aug 1908

Ganesha’s puja is done at madhyahna, the middle fifth of the day. Chaturthi runs from 10:58 on Sun 30 Aug to 12:34 on Mon 31 Aug, touching madhyahna on both days. When it does, the Dharmasindhu takes the earlier day: Sun 30 Aug.

Ganesh Chaturthi: every date in Pāthardi

Hartalika Teej’s puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Tritiya runs from 09:02 on Sat 29 Aug to 10:58 on Sun 30 Aug, so only Sunday’s pratahkala (06:13–08:43) falls within it. No text giving Hartalika Teej’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Hartalika Teej: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 24°–36° is the 3rd, Shukla Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:13 here. Dwitiya ended at 09:02 Sat, before it. Tritiya ends at 10:58, when the lead reaches 36°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 27 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 29 Aug ran from sunset 18:46 Sat to sunrise 06:13, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:13 to 18:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:46 to 06:13 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 166°40′. It leaves at 17:51, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 133.7° + 167.4° = 301.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 16:25, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 22:02 Sat, when the lead reached 30°; Garaja runs until 10:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:13 to 06:13 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 25 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 27 Aug, with the Sun in Simha, began Bhadrapada. This Shukla paksha reads Bhadrapada in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 1 Apr 1908, 10:32 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 145.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1965; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1830.