Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 2 Aug 1908

Nag Panchami follows the tithi at sunrise. Panchami runs from 22:24 on Sat 1 Aug to 00:23 on Mon 3 Aug, so it holds sunrise only on Sun 2 Aug, at 06:05. No text giving Nag Panchami’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Nag Panchami: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:05 here. Chaturthi ended at 22:24 Sat, before it. Panchami ends at 00:23 Mon, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 28 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 1 Aug ran from sunset 19:05 Sat to sunrise 06:05, 11 h 0 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:05 to 19:04, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:04 to 06:06 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 156°40′. It leaves at 09:34, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 106.7° + 158.3° = 265°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 09:13, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 11:26, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 00:23 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:05 to 06:06 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 27 Aug, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 28 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 1 Apr 1908, 10:32 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 118.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1965; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1830.