Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 30 Mar 1908

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 16:07 on Mon 30 Mar to 13:12 on Tue 31 Mar, so only Monday night’s nishitha (00:10 Tue–00:56 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:25 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:04 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 16:07, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 18 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 29 Mar ran from sunset 18:42 Sun to sunrise 06:25, 11 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:25 to 18:42, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:42 to 06:24 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 316°40′. It leaves at 11:36, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 346.4° + 316.8° = 663.2°, one full turn and 303.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 11:45, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 05:36, when the lead reached 330°; Vanija runs until 16:07.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:25 to 06:24 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 13 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Apr, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Apr, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 13 Apr 1907, 00:35 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 347.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1964; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1829.