Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 14 Mar 1907

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 12:58 on Wed 13 Mar to 11:34 on Thu 14 Mar, so it holds sunrise only on Thu 14 Mar, at 06:39. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:39 here. Chaturdashi ended at 12:58 Wed, before it. Amavasya ends at 11:34, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Wed 13 Mar ran from sunset 18:38 Wed to sunrise 06:39, 12 h 1 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 48 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:39 to 18:38, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:38 to 06:38 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 326°40′. It leaves at 17:31, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 329.8° + 327.2° = 657°, one full turn and 297°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 22:41, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 00:13, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 11:34.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:39 to 06:38 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 12 Feb 23:12 Tue to 14 Mar 11:34 the Sun stayed in Kumbha, entering Meena at 14 Mar 12:29, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Phalguna, before Phalguna itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna (Adhik) here, and Phalguna (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 25 Mar 1906, 05:21 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 348.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1963; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1828.