Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 21 Nov 1904

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:31 here. Dwadashi ended at 05:13 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 06:53, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 7 Nov, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Trayodashi began at 05:13 Sun, before sunrise at 06:30 Sun, and ends at 06:53, after the next sunrise at 06:31. Both days read Trayodashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 20 Nov ran from sunset 17:41 Sun to sunrise 06:31, 12 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:31 to 17:41, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:41 to 06:31 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 09:52, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 215.8° + 11.6° = 227.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 04:58 Tue, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 18:07 Sun, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 06:53.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:31 to 06:31 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 15 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 7 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1904, 11:00 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 242.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1961; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1826.