Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Thu 20 Oct 1904

Smartas test Ekadashi at sunrise. It holds both sunrises, 06:15 on Wed 19 Oct and 06:16 on Thu 20 Oct. Ekadashi (04:18 Wed 19 Oct to 06:57 Thu 20 Oct) and Dwadashi (06:57 Thu 20 Oct to 09:38 Fri 21 Oct) are both longer than their day; when both grow, Smartas take the later day: Thu 20 Oct. Vaishnavas test arunodaya: over two sunrises, they too fast on the second.

Papankusha Ekadashi: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 120°–132° is the 11th, Shukla Ekadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:16 here. Dashami ended at 04:18 Wed, before it. Ekadashi ends at 06:57, when the lead reaches 132°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 9 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ekadashi began at 04:18 Wed, before sunrise at 06:15 Wed, and ends at 06:57, after the next sunrise at 06:16. Both days read Ekadashi: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Wed 19 Oct ran from sunset 17:55 Wed to sunrise 06:16, 12 h 21 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:16 to 17:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:54 to 06:16 Fri, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shatabhisha spans 306°40′–320°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 313°20′. It leaves at 15:41, for Purva Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 183.7° + 315.4° = 499.1°, one full turn and 139.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 20:33, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ekadashi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 17:36 Wed, when the lead reached 126°; Vishti runs until 06:57.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:16 to 06:16 Fri, so the hours after midnight still belong to Guruwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 7 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1904, 11:00 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 210° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1961; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1826.