Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sat 21 May 1904

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 60°–72° is the 6th, Shukla Shashthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:43 here. Panchami ended at 08:56 Fri, before it. Shashthi ends at 06:51, when the lead reaches 72°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 15 May, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 06:51 and ended at 04:43 Sun, between the sunrises of 05:43 and 05:43 Sun. Saturday reads Shashthi and Sunday reads Ashtami: Saptami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Fri 20 May ran from sunset 18:49 Fri to sunrise 05:43, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:43 to 18:49, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:49 to 05:43 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 106°40′. It leaves at 01:28 Sun, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 37° + 108.4° = 145.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 07:47, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Shashthi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:54 Fri, when the lead reached 66°; Taitila runs until 06:51.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:43 to 05:43 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 15 May 16:19 Sun to 14 Jun 02:31 Tue the Sun stayed in Vrishabha, entering Mithuna at 14 Jun 06:12 Tue, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Jyeshtha, before Jyeshtha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, began Jyeshtha (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Jyeshtha (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 1904, 11:00 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 63.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1961; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1826.