Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 22 Jul 1903

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 05:16 on Wed 22 Jul to 01:49 on Thu 23 Jul, so only Wednesday’s pradosha (19:00–21:10) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 01:49 on Thu 23 Jul to 22:03 on Thu 23 Jul, between the two nights’ nishitha, touching neither. The Nirnayasindhu then takes the earlier day: Wed 22 Jul. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:52 here. Dwadashi ended at 05:16, before it. Trayodashi ends at 01:49 Thu, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 9 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 21 Jul ran from sunset 19:00 Tue to sunrise 05:52, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:52 to 19:00, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:00 to 05:53 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 56°40′. It leaves at 16:49, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 95.5° + 59.9° = 155.4°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 12:51, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 15:36, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 01:49 Thu.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:52 to 05:53 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Jul, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 24 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, begins Shravana. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Shravana here, and Ashadha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 29 Mar 1903, 06:47 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 110.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1960; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1825.