Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 19 Nov 1902

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:29 here. Tritiya ended at 12:11 Tue, before it. Chaturthi ends at 08:57, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 15 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 08:57 and ended at 06:04 Thu, between the sunrises of 06:29 and 06:30 Thu. Wednesday reads Chaturthi and Thursday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 18 Nov ran from sunset 17:41 Tue to sunrise 06:29, 12 h 48 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:29 to 17:41, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:41 to 06:30 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 76°40′. It leaves at 06:43, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 213.3° + 79.9° = 293.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 06:48, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 22:32 Tue, when the lead reached 222°; Balava runs until 08:57.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:29 to 06:30 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Nov, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1902, 19:11 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 218° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1959; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1824.