Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Wed 9 Jul 1902

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 36°–48° is the 4th, Shukla Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:48 here. Tritiya ended at 08:50 Tue, before it. Chaturthi ends at 06:48, when the lead reaches 48°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 5 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 06:48 and ended at 05:32 Thu, between the sunrises of 05:48 and 05:48 Thu. Wednesday reads Chaturthi and Thursday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Tue 8 Jul ran from sunset 19:02 Tue to sunrise 05:48, 10 h 46 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:48 to 19:02, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:02 to 05:48 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 10:09, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 83.4° + 130.8° = 214.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 02:17 Thu, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija ended at 19:43 Tue, when the lead reached 42°; Vishti runs until 06:48.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:48 to 05:48 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 8 Apr 1902, 19:11 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 88.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1959; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1824.