Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 30 Jul 1901

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:55 here. Trayodashi ended at 16:48 Mon, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 16:39, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Mon 29 Jul ran from sunset 18:57 Mon to sunrise 05:55, 10 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:55 to 18:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:57 to 05:56 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 263°20′. It leaves at 06:46, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 103.7° + 266.2° = 369.9°, one full turn and 9.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 11:51, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 04:49, when the lead reached 162°; Vanija runs until 16:39.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:55 to 05:56 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jul 03:31 Tue to 14 Aug 13:48 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 07:14 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1901, 18:14 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 126.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1958; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1823.