Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Sun 28 Jul 1901

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 16:18 on Sun 28 Jul to 16:48 on Mon 29 Jul, so only Sunday’s pradosha (18:58–21:09) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Pāthardi

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:55 here. Ekadashi ended at 15:07 Sat, before it. Dwadashi ends at 16:18, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 27 Jul ran from sunset 18:58 Sat to sunrise 05:55, 10 h 57 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:55 to 18:58, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:58 to 05:55 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 240°. It leaves at 05:56 Mon, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 101.7° + 240.8° = 342.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 13:23, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 03:47, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 16:18.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:55 to 05:55 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jul 03:31 Tue to 14 Aug 13:48 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 07:14 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1901, 18:14 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 124.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1958; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1823.