Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 22 Jul 1901

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:52 here. Shashthi ended at 03:52, before it. Saptami ends at 06:05 Tue, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 16 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 03:52, before sunrise at 05:52, and ends at 06:05 Tue, after the next sunrise at 05:53 Tue. Both days read Saptami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sun 21 Jul ran from sunset 19:00 Sun to sunrise 05:52, 10 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:52 to 19:00, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:00 to 05:53 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 166°40′. It leaves at 14:41, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 96° + 168.9° = 264.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 253°20′–266°40′ is the 20th, Shiva. It ends at 09:04, then Siddha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 16:56, when the lead reaches 78°; Vanija until 06:05 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:52 to 05:53 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jul 03:31 Tue to 14 Aug 13:48 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 16 Aug 07:14 Fri, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 1901, 18:14 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 119.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1958; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1823.