Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Mon 23 Apr 1900

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:57 here. Saptami ended at 08:39 Sun, before it. Ashtami ends at 07:01, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 15 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Navami began at 07:01 and ended at 04:52 Tue, between the sunrises of 05:57 and 05:57 Tue. Monday reads Ashtami and Tuesday reads Dashami: Navami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 22 Apr ran from sunset 18:39 Sun to sunrise 05:57, 11 h 18 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:57 to 18:40, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:40 to 05:57 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 283°20′. It leaves at 19:33, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 9.9° + 285.4° = 295.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 293°20′–306°40′ is the 23rd, Shubha. It ends at 00:03 Tue, then Shukla.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 19:54 Sun, when the lead reached 270°; Kaulava runs until 07:01.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:57 to 05:57 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 29 Apr, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 29 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 31 Mar 1900, 01:51 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 22.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1957; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1822.