Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 20 Mar 1900

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:25 here. Tritiya ended at 19:55 Mon, before it. Chaturthi ends at 21:29, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Mar, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Mon 19 Mar ran from sunset 18:31 Mon to sunrise 06:25, 11 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:25 to 18:31, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:31 to 06:24 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 196°40′. It leaves at 11:28, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 336.5° + 197.4° = 533.9°, one full turn and 173.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 05:22 Wed, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 08:45, when the lead reaches 222°; Balava until 21:29.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:25 to 06:24 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 13 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 31 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 31 Mar, with the Sun in Meena, begins Chaitra. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Chaitra here, and Phalguna in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 1899, 11:41 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 338.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1956; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1821.