Panchang in Pāthardi, Maharashtra Tue 20 Feb 1900

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:46 here. Chaturthi ended at 04:59 Mon, before it. Panchami ends at 07:03, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 14 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 04:59 Mon, before sunrise at 06:47 Mon, and ends at 07:03, after the next sunrise at 06:46. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Mon 19 Feb ran from sunset 18:22 Mon to sunrise 06:46, 12 h 24 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:46 to 18:22, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 27 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:22 to 06:45 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 32 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 186°40′. It leaves at 05:36 Wed, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 308.5° + 188.4° = 496.9°, one full turn and 136.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 00:32 Wed, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 18:04 Mon, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 07:03.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:46 to 06:45 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 11 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 1 Mar, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 1899, 11:41 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 310.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 1956; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1821.