Panchang in Olean, New York, United States Wed 3 Aug 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 0°–12° is the 1st, Shukla Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Amavasya ended at 16:44 Tue, before it. Pratipada ends at 16:16, when the lead reaches 12°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Aug, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Tue 2 Aug ran from sunset 20:30 Tue to sunrise 06:09, 9 h 39 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 38 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 20:29, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 47 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 20:29 to 06:10 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 12 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 113°20′. It leaves at 16:37, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 107.4° + 114.3° = 221.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 14:37, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Kinstughna and the second Bava. Kinstughna ended at 04:26, when the lead reached 6°; Bava runs until 16:16.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:10 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Aug, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana. This Shukla paksha reads Shravana in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 07:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 113.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.