Panchang in Olean, New York, United States Mon 18 Jul 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 156°–168° is the 14th, Shukla Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:53 here. Trayodashi ended at 18:53 Sun, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 19:10, when the lead reaches 168°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 4 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sun 17 Jul ran from sunset 20:46 Sun to sunrise 05:53, 9 h 7 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 36 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:53 to 20:45, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 51 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 20:45 to 05:54 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 8 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 253°20′. It leaves at 06:17 Tue, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 92.1° + 253.5° = 345.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 07:42, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 07:05, when the lead reaches 162°; Vanija until 19:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:53 to 05:54 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 2 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 07:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 98.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.