Panchang in Myshkin, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia Mon 31 Jul 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 04:17 here. Dwadashi ended at 08:04 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 04:57, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 17 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 04:57 and ended at 01:22 Tue, between the sunrises of 04:17 and 04:19 Tue. Monday reads Trayodashi and Tuesday reads Purnima: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 30 Jul ran from sunset 20:48 Sun to sunrise 04:17, 7 h 29 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 29 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 04:17 to 20:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 2 h 3 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 20:46 to 04:19 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 56 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 16:28, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 103.4° + 259.1° = 362.5°, one full turn and 2.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 20:34, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 18:35 Sun, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 04:57.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 04:17 to 04:19 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 17 Jul 21:31 Mon to 16 Aug 12:38 Wed the Sun stayed in Karka, entering Simha at 17 Aug 11:02 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Shravana, before Shravana itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 17 Jul, with the Sun in Karka, began Shravana (Adhik). This Shukla paksha reads Shravana (Adhik) in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 20:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 126.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.