Panchang in Myshkin, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia Sat 10 Oct 2015

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 19:09 on Fri 9 Oct to 21:47 on Sat 10 Oct, touching pradosha on both evenings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the evening it holds more of: Sat 10 Oct. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Myshkin

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi began at 21:47 on Sat 10 Oct, before that night’s nishitha, and ended at 00:28 on Mon 12 Oct, partway into the next. The Nirnayasindhu takes the night Chaturdashi fills: Sat 10 Oct. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Myshkin

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:48 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:09 Fri, before it. Trayodashi ends at 21:47, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 9 Oct ran from sunset 17:39 Fri to sunrise 06:48, 13 h 9 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 52 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:48 to 17:36, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:36 to 06:50 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Phalguni spans 133°20′–146°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 140°. It leaves at 16:53, for Uttara Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 172.4° + 141.7° = 314.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 306°40′–320°00′ is the 24th, Shukla. It ends at 17:46, then Brahma.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 08:27, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 21:47.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:48 to 06:50 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 13 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 12:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 197° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.