Panchang in Myshkin, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia Mon 19 Jan 2015

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 336°–348° is the 29th, Krishna Chaturdashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 08:53 here. Trayodashi ended at 22:20 Sun, before it. Chaturdashi ends at 19:29, when the lead reaches 348°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 5 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 18 Jan ran from sunset 16:18 Sun to sunrise 08:53, 16 h 35 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 1 h 6 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 08:53 to 16:20, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 55 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 16:20 to 08:51 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 2 h 3 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 01:06 Tue, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 274.8° + 256.7° = 531.5°, one full turn and 171.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 160°00′–173°20′ is the 13th, Vyaghata. It ends at 11:46, then Harshana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturdashi is Vishti and the second Shakuni. Vishti runs until 08:58, when the lead reaches 342°; Shakuni until 19:29.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 08:53 to 08:51 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 30 Mar 2014, 22:44 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 288.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2071; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1936.