Panchang in Myshkin, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia Sat 30 Nov 2013

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 11:58 on Sat 30 Nov to 10:00 on Sun 1 Dec, so only Saturday’s pradosha (16:46–20:09) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Myshkin

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 312°–324° is the 27th, Krishna Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 09:42 here. Ekadashi ended at 13:14 Fri, before it. Dwadashi ends at 11:58, when the lead reaches 324°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 17 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 29 Nov ran from sunset 16:47 Fri to sunrise 09:42, 16 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 1 h 7 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 09:42 to 16:46, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 53 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 16:46 to 09:44 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 2 h 7 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 186°40′. It leaves at 08:04 Sun, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 224.1° + 186.9° = 411°, one full turn and 51°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 13:25, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 00:42, when the lead reached 318°; Taitila runs until 11:58.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 09:42 to 09:44 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 3 Dec, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 3 Dec, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 10 Apr 2013, 13:35 Wed. Since then the Sun has moved 227.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2070; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1935.