Panchang in Midleton, Munster, Ireland Sat 4 Jul 2015

The Sankashti fast is broken at moonrise. Chaturthi runs from 20:14 on Sat 4 Jul to 17:37 on Sun 5 Jul, so it holds moonrise only on Sat 4 Jul, at 23:09. No text giving Sankashti Chaturthi’s time was found; moonrise is Tithika’s convention.

Sankashti Chaturthi: every date in Midleton

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 204°–216° is the 18th, Krishna Tritiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:19 here. Dwitiya ended at 22:48 Fri, before it. Tritiya ends at 20:14, when the lead reaches 216°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 2 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 3 Jul ran from sunset 21:54 Fri to sunrise 05:19, 7 h 25 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 29 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:19 to 21:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 2 h 4 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 21:54 to 05:20 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 55 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Shravana spans 280°00′–293°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 283°20′. It leaves at 18:25, for Dhanishtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 77.8° + 285.5° = 363.3°, one full turn and 3.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 20:59, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Tritiya is Vanija and the second Vishti. Vanija runs until 09:32, when the lead reaches 210°; Vishti until 20:14.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:19 to 05:20 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jun 15:05 Tue to 16 Jul 02:24 Thu the Sun stayed in Mithuna, entering Karka at 16 Jul 23:32 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashadha, before Ashadha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 16 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha (Adhik) here, and Ashadha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 09:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 102.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.