Panchang in Maclear, Eastern Cape, South Africa Wed 29 Oct 2025

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:12 here. Shashthi ended at 04:30 Tue, before it. Saptami ends at 05:53, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 21 Oct, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Saptami began at 04:30 Tue, before sunrise at 05:13 Tue, and ends at 05:53, after the next sunrise at 05:12. Both days read Saptami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Tue 28 Oct ran from sunset 18:27 Tue to sunrise 05:12, 10 h 45 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:12 to 18:27, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:27 to 05:11 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 20 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Ashadha spans 266°40′–280°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 273°20′. It leaves at 13:59, for Shravana.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 191.7° + 275.4° = 467.1°, one full turn and 107.1°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 03:50 Thu, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja ended at 17:16 Tue, when the lead reached 78°; Vanija runs until 05:53.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:12 to 05:11 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 20 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, began Kartika. This Shukla paksha reads Kartika in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 29 Mar 2025, 12:57 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 206.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2082; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1947.