Panchang in Libode, Eastern Cape, South Africa Mon 4 Jul 2016

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 15:23 on Sun 3 Jul to 13:01 on Mon 4 Jul, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 4 Jul, at 07:03. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Libode

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:03 here. Chaturdashi ended at 15:23 Sun, before it. Amavasya ends at 13:01, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Jun, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 3 Jul ran from sunset 17:12 Sun to sunrise 07:03, 13 h 51 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 55 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:03 to 17:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 16 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:13 to 07:03 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 43 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ardra spans 66°40′–80°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 73°20′. It leaves at 15:02, for Punarvasu.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 78.6° + 75.3° = 153.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 16:49, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 02:09, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 13:01.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:03 to 07:03 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishabha gives Jyeshtha. The Sun enters Mithuna on 14 Jun, inside the month. The next new moon, 4 Jul, finds it in Mithuna and begins Ashadha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 4 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha here, and Jyeshtha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 13:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 84.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.