Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 13 Feb 2077

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:06 here. Chaturthi ended at 06:01 Fri, before it. Panchami ends at 08:18, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 7 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 06:01 Fri, before sunrise at 06:05 Fri, and ends at 08:18, after the next sunrise at 06:06. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Fri 12 Feb ran from sunset 18:47 Fri to sunrise 06:06, 11 h 19 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:06 to 18:47, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:47 to 06:06 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Chitra spans 173°20′–186°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 176°40′. It leaves at 20:38, for Swati.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 300.4° + 179.4° = 479.8°, one full turn and 119.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 106°40′–120°00′ is the 9th, Shula. It ends at 06:37, then Ganda.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 19:11 Fri, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 08:18.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:06 to 06:06 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 22 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 22 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 3 Apr 2076, 14:48 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 310.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2133; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1998.