Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 13 Nov 2023

Govardhan Puja is done in pratahkala, the first fifth of the day. Pratipada runs from 06:27 on Mon 13 Nov to 06:06 on Tue 14 Nov, touching pratahkala on both mornings. The Nirnayasindhu takes the morning it holds more of: Mon 13 Nov. No text giving Govardhan Puja’s time was found; pratahkala is Tithika’s convention.

Govardhan Puja: every date in Ipameri

Amavasya follows the tithi at sunrise. Amavasya runs from 06:15 on Sun 12 Nov to 06:27 on Mon 13 Nov, so it holds sunrise only on Mon 13 Nov, at 05:29. No text giving Amavasya’s time was found; sunrise is Tithika’s convention.

Amavasya: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 348°–360° is the 30th, Krishna Amavasya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:29 here. Chaturdashi ended at 06:15 Sun, before it. Amavasya ends at 06:27, when the lead reaches 360°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sun 12 Nov ran from sunset 18:24 Sun to sunrise 05:29, 11 h 5 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:29 to 18:24, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:24 to 05:29 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 203°20′. It leaves at 18:52, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 206.5° + 206° = 412.5°, one full turn and 52.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 06:52, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Amavasya is Chatushpada and the second Nagava. Chatushpada ended at 18:25 Sun, when the lead reached 354°; Nagava runs until 06:27.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:29 to 05:29 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 17 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 13 Nov, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 13 Nov, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 229.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.