Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 30 Sep 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:55 here. Pratipada ended at 03:52, before it. Dwitiya ends at 01:12 Sun, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 29 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:13, came before Pratipada ended at 12:22: this day reads Pratipada.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:55, came after Pratipada ended at 03:52: this day reads Dwitiya.

The night of Fri 29 Sep ran from sunset 18:09 Fri to sunrise 05:55, 11 h 46 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:55 to 18:10, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:10 to 05:55 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Revati spans 346°40′–360°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 353°20′. It leaves at 12:38, for Ashwini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 162.8° + 355.9° = 518.7°, one full turn and 158.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 07:56, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila runs until 14:28, when the lead reaches 198°; Garaja until 01:12 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:55 to 05:55 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 17 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 14 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 14 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 186.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.