Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 9 May 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:28 here. Tritiya ended at 09:49 Mon, before it. Chaturthi ends at 07:38, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 5 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 07:38 and ended at 05:20 Wed, between the sunrises of 06:28 and 06:28 Wed. Tuesday reads Chaturthi and Wednesday reads Shashthi: Panchami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 8 May ran from sunset 17:50 Mon to sunrise 06:28, 12 h 38 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:28 to 17:49, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:49 to 06:28 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mula spans 240°00′–253°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 250°. It leaves at 09:15, for Purva Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 24.3° + 251.7° = 276°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 12:45, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 20:45 Mon, when the lead reached 222°; Balava runs until 07:38.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:28 to 06:28 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 15 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 19 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 47.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.