Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 30 Apr 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 108°–120° is the 10th, Shukla Dashami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:25 here. Navami ended at 09:52 Sat, before it. Dashami ends at 11:59, when the lead reaches 120°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 20 Apr, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Sat 29 Apr ran from sunset 17:54 Sat to sunrise 06:25, 12 h 31 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:25 to 17:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:54 to 06:26 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Magha spans 120°00′–133°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 130°. It leaves at 07:00, for Purva Phalguni.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 15.6° + 133° = 148.6°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 03:13 Mon, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dashami is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 22:58 Sat, when the lead reached 114°; Garaja runs until 11:59.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:25 to 06:26 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 15 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 19 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Apr, with the Sun in Mesha, began Vaishakha. This Shukla paksha reads Vaishakha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 21 Mar 2023, 14:23 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 39° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2080; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1945.