Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 21 Feb 2023

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 12°–24° is the 2nd, Shukla Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:09 here. Pratipada ended at 00:35, before it. Dwitiya ends at 21:28, when the lead reaches 24°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 20 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:54, came before Pratipada ended at 09:05: this day reads Pratipada. Dwitiya ends at 05:58 Wed, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Dwitiya: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:09, came after Pratipada ended at 00:35: this day reads Dwitiya.

The night of Mon 20 Feb ran from sunset 18:43 Mon to sunrise 06:09, 11 h 26 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:09 to 18:43, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:43 to 06:09 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 323°20′. It leaves at 22:08, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 308.3° + 323.5° = 631.8°, one full turn and 271.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 266°40′–280°00′ is the 21st, Siddha. It ends at 18:37, then Sadhya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 10:58, when the lead reaches 18°; Kaulava until 21:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:09 to 06:09 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kumbha gives Phalguna. The Sun enters Meena on 14 Mar, inside the month. The next new moon, 21 Mar, finds it in Meena and begins Chaitra.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 20 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, began Phalguna. This Shukla paksha reads Phalguna in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 1 Apr 2022, 03:24 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 321° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2079; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1944.