Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 14 Jan 2023

The Sun enters Makara at 12:15, between sunrise (05:49) and sunset (18:54). The Dharmasindhu’s punya kala is the 40 ghatis after the ingress, so the bath and gifts fall that day: Sat 14 Jan.

Makar Sankranti: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 252°–264° is the 22nd, Krishna Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:49 here. Shashthi ended at 09:47 Fri, before it. Saptami ends at 10:53, when the lead reaches 264°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 6 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Fri 13 Jan ran from sunset 18:54 Fri to sunrise 05:49, 10 h 55 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:49 to 18:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:54 to 05:49 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 170°. It leaves at 09:43, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.7° + 171.3° = 441°, one full turn and 81°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 80°00′–93°20′ is the 7th, Sukarma. It ends at 03:20 Sun, then Dhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 22:25 Fri, when the lead reached 258°; Bava runs until 10:53.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:49 to 05:49 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 21 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 21 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 1 Apr 2022, 03:24 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 282.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2079; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1944.