Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 25 Sep 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:59 here. Chaturthi ended at 02:06, before it. Panchami ends at 04:35 Sun, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 20 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:11, came before Chaturthi ended at 10:36: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:59, came after Chaturthi ended at 02:06: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Fri 24 Sep ran from sunset 18:09 Fri to sunrise 05:59, 11 h 50 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:59 to 18:09, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:09 to 05:58 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Krittika spans 26°40′–40°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 26°40′. It leaves at 06:02 Sun, for Rohini.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 158.4° + 28.1° = 186.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 173°20′–186°40′ is the 14th, Harshana. It ends at 06:19, then Vajra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 15:18, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 04:35 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:59 to 05:58 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 Oct, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 Oct, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 11 Apr 2021, 23:30 Sun. Since then the Sun has moved 160.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2078; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1943.