Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 2 Feb 2021

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:00 here. Chaturthi ended at 09:55 Mon, before it. Panchami ends at 07:49, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 28 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Shashthi began at 07:49 and ended at 05:42 Wed, between the sunrises of 06:00 and 06:01 Wed. Tuesday reads Panchami and Wednesday reads Saptami: Shashthi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 1 Feb ran from sunset 18:52 Mon to sunrise 06:00, 11 h 8 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:00 to 18:51, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:51 to 06:01 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 166°40′. It leaves at 14:02, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 289.6° + 168.6° = 458.2°, one full turn and 98.2°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 19:25, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 20:52 Mon, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 07:49.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:00 to 06:01 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 13 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 11 Feb, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 11 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 24 Mar 2020, 06:28 Tue. Since then the Sun has moved 309.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2077; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1942.