Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 30 Dec 2019

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 48°–60° is the 5th, Shukla Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:39 here. Chaturthi ended at 05:24, before it. Panchami ends at 07:31 Tue, when the lead reaches 60°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 26 Dec, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Panchami began at 05:24, before sunrise at 05:39, and ends at 07:31 Tue, after the next sunrise at 05:40 Tue. Both days read Panchami: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:13, came before Chaturthi ended at 13:54: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 05:39, came after Chaturthi ended at 05:24: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sun 29 Dec ran from sunset 18:50 Sun to sunrise 05:39, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:39 to 18:50, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:50 to 05:40 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Dhanishtha spans 293°20′–306°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 300°. It leaves at 14:16, for Shatabhisha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 254.2° + 302.3° = 556.5°, one full turn and 196.5°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 186°40′–200°00′ is the 15th, Vajra. It ends at 12:00, then Siddhi.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Bava and the second Balava. Bava runs until 18:25, when the lead reaches 54°; Balava until 07:31 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:39 to 05:40 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 24 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Dec, with the Sun in Dhanu, began Pausha. This Shukla paksha reads Pausha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 05:50 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 263° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.