Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 24 Nov 2019

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 16:35 on Sun 24 Nov to 14:10 on Mon 25 Nov, so only Sunday night’s nishitha (23:37–00:21 Mon) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:28 here. Dwadashi ended at 19:13 Sat, before it. Trayodashi ends at 16:35, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Sat 23 Nov ran from sunset 18:30 Sat to sunrise 05:28, 10 h 58 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:28 to 18:30, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:30 to 05:28 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Swati spans 186°40′–200°00′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 186°40′. It leaves at 02:27 Mon, for Vishakha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 217.6° + 187.4° = 405°, one full turn and 45°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 40°00′–53°20′ is the 4th, Saubhagya. It ends at 18:24, then Shobhana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 05:53, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 16:35.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:28 to 05:28 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Nov, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 05:50 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 226.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.