Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Tue 19 Nov 2019

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 252°–264° is the 22nd, Krishna Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:28 here. Shashthi ended at 08:39 Mon, before it. Saptami ends at 07:05, when the lead reaches 264°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Nov, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Ashtami began at 07:05 and ended at 05:11 Wed, between the sunrises of 05:28 and 05:28 Wed. Tuesday reads Saptami and Wednesday reads Navami: Ashtami is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Mon 18 Nov ran from sunset 18:27 Mon to sunrise 05:28, 11 h 1 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:28 to 18:27, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 37 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:27 to 05:28 Wed, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 22 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashlesha spans 106°40′–120°00′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 113°20′. It leaves at 12:52, for Magha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 212.6° + 115.7° = 328.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 320°00′–333°20′ is the 25th, Brahma. It ends at 13:36, then Indra.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Vishti and the second Bava. Vishti ended at 19:55 Mon, when the lead reached 258°; Bava runs until 07:05.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:28 to 05:28 Wed, so the hours after midnight still belong to Mangalawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Tula gives Kartika. The Sun enters Vrishchika on 16 Nov, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Nov, finds it in Vrishchika and begins Margashirsha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Nov, with the Sun in Vrishchika, begins Margashirsha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Margashirsha here, and Kartika in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 05:50 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 221.4° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.