Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 8 Jul 2019

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 72°–84° is the 7th, Shukla Saptami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:44 here. Shashthi ended at 23:12 Sun, before it. Saptami ends at 20:55, when the lead reaches 84°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 2 Jul, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:29, came before Shashthi ended at 07:42: this day reads Shashthi. Saptami ends at 05:25 Tue, before the next sunrise, so no day here reads Saptami: it is kshaya.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:44, came after Shashthi ended at 23:12 Sun: this day reads Saptami.

The night of Sun 7 Jul ran from sunset 17:51 Sun to sunrise 06:44, 12 h 53 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:44 to 17:51, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:51 to 06:44 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Uttara Phalguni spans 146°40′–160°00′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 156°40′. It leaves at 10:03, for Hasta.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 81.8° + 158° = 239.8°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 06:56, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Saptami is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:01, when the lead reaches 78°; Vanija until 20:55.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:44 to 06:44 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mithuna gives Ashadha. The Sun enters Karka on 16 Jul, inside the month. The next new moon, 1 Aug, finds it in Karka and begins Shravana.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 2 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, began Ashadha. This Shukla paksha reads Ashadha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 5 Apr 2019, 05:50 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 90.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2076; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1941.