Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 24 Dec 2018

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:36 here. Pratipada ended at 12:41 Sun, before it. Dwitiya ends at 09:28, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 22 Dec, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Tritiya began at 09:28 and ended at 06:17 Tue, between the sunrises of 06:36 and 06:37 Tue. Monday reads Dwitiya and Tuesday reads Chaturthi: Tritiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Sun 23 Dec ran from sunset 19:47 Sun to sunrise 06:36, 10 h 49 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:36 to 19:48, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 39 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:48 to 06:37 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 90°. It leaves at 10:51, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 248.4° + 90.7° = 339.1°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 333°20′–346°40′ is the 26th, Indra. It ends at 18:06, then Vaidhriti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 23:05 Sun, when the lead reached 198°; Garaja runs until 09:28.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:36 to 06:37 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Vrishchika gives Margashirsha. The Sun enters Dhanu on 16 Dec, inside the month. The next new moon, 5 Jan, finds it in Dhanu and begins Pausha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 5 Jan, with the Sun in Dhanu, begins Pausha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Pausha here, and Margashirsha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 10:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 275.6° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.