Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 31 Aug 2018

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:20 here. Chaturthi ended at 13:39 Thu, before it. Panchami ends at 13:41, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 26 Aug, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 30 Aug ran from sunset 18:05 Thu to sunrise 06:20, 12 h 15 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:20 to 18:05, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 28 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:05 to 06:19 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 31 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Ashwini spans 0°00′–13°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 10°. It leaves at 12:16, for Bharani.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 133.8° + 10.1° = 143.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 11:02, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 01:44, when the lead reached 234°; Taitila runs until 13:41.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:20 to 06:19 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Karka gives Shravana. The Sun enters Simha on 16 Aug, inside the month. The next new moon, 9 Sep, finds it in Simha and begins Bhadrapada.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 9 Sep, with the Sun in Simha, begins Bhadrapada. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Bhadrapada here, and Shravana in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 17 Mar 2018, 10:11 Sat. Since then the Sun has moved 161° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2075; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1940.