Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 4 Feb 2018

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:01 here. Chaturthi ended at 01:28, before it. Panchami ends at 00:35 Mon, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 31 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 07:07, came before Chaturthi ended at 08:58: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−2

Sunrise here, 07:01, came after Chaturthi ended at 01:28: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sat 3 Feb ran from sunset 19:51 Sat to sunrise 07:01, 11 h 10 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 44 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:01 to 19:51, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:51 to 07:02 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Hasta spans 160°00′–173°20′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 160°. It leaves at 02:47 Mon, for Chitra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 291.4° + 162.3° = 453.7°, one full turn and 93.7°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 93°20′–106°40′ is the 8th, Dhriti. It ends at 04:40 Mon, then Shula.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 12:55, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 00:35 Mon.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:01 to 07:02 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 15 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 2017, 23:57 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 307.9° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2074; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1939.