Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 15 May 2017

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 228°–240° is the 20th, Krishna Panchami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:30 here. Chaturthi ended at 04:08, before it. Panchami ends at 06:16 Tue, when the lead reaches 240°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 10 May, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:30, came before Chaturthi ended at 12:38: this day reads Chaturthi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:30, came after Chaturthi ended at 04:08: this day reads Panchami.

The night of Sun 14 May ran from sunset 17:47 Sun to sunrise 06:30, 12 h 43 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 50 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:30 to 17:47, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 24 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:47 to 06:30 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 35 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Ashadha spans 253°20′–266°40′; the Moon entered its pada 2 at 256°40′. It leaves at 20:26, for Uttara Ashadha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 30.6° + 259.7° = 290.3°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 280°00′–293°20′ is the 22nd, Sadhya. It ends at 12:01, then Shubha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Panchami is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava runs until 17:15, when the lead reaches 234°; Taitila until 06:16 Tue.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:30 to 06:30 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Mesha gives Vaishakha. The Sun enters Vrishabha on 14 May, inside the month. The next new moon, 25 May, finds it in Vrishabha and begins Jyeshtha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 25 May, with the Sun in Vrishabha, begins Jyeshtha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Jyeshtha here, and Vaishakha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 27 Mar 2017, 23:57 Mon. Since then the Sun has moved 47.1° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2074; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1939.