Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sat 18 Feb 2017

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:08 here. Saptami ended at 04:18, before it. Ashtami ends at 05:48 Sun, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 10 Feb, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 06:56, came before Saptami ended at 11:48: this day reads Saptami.

Ipameri · UTC−2

Sunrise here, 07:08, came after Saptami ended at 04:18: this day reads Ashtami.

The night of Fri 17 Feb ran from sunset 19:45 Fri to sunrise 07:08, 11 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:08 to 19:44, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:44 to 06:08 Sun, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Vishakha spans 200°00′–213°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 210°. It leaves at 11:40, for Anuradha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 305.8° + 211.1° = 516.9°, one full turn and 156.9°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 12:55, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 17:33, when the lead reaches 270°; Kaulava until 05:48 Sun.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:08 to 06:08 Sun, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shaniwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 12 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 26 Feb, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 26 Feb, with the Sun in Kumbha, begins Phalguna. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Phalguna here, and Magha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 311.8° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.