Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 13 Jan 2017

Lohri’s bonfire is lit on the evening before Makar Sankranti. The Sun enters Makara at 00:08 Sat, and Makar Sankranti is on Sat 14 Jan: Fri 13 Jan. No text giving Lohri’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Lohri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 180°–192° is the 16th, Krishna Pratipada. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:48 here. Purnima ended at 09:33 Thu, before it. Pratipada ends at 07:10, when the lead reaches 192°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 12 Jan, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 07:10 and ended at 05:19 Sat, between the sunrises of 06:48 and 06:49 Sat. Friday reads Pratipada and Saturday reads Tritiya: Dwitiya is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 12 Jan ran from sunset 19:54 Thu to sunrise 06:48, 10 h 54 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 43 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:48 to 19:54, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 38 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:54 to 06:49 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 21 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Pushya spans 93°20′–106°40′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 100°. It leaves at 16:19, for Ashlesha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 269.3° + 101.1° = 370.4°, one full turn and 10.4°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 0°00′–13°20′ is the 1st, Vishkambha. It ends at 11:33, then Priti.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Pratipada is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava ended at 20:18 Thu, when the lead reached 186°; Kaulava runs until 07:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:48 to 06:49 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Dhanu gives Pausha. The Sun enters Makara on 14 Jan, inside the month. The next new moon, 27 Jan, finds it in Makara and begins Magha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 27 Jan, with the Sun in Makara, begins Magha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Magha here, and Pausha in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 275.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.