Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Wed 19 Oct 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 216°–228° is the 19th, Krishna Chaturthi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:41 here. Tritiya ended at 15:17 Tue, before it. Chaturthi ends at 12:02, when the lead reaches 228°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Oct, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Tue 18 Oct ran from sunset 19:14 Tue to sunrise 06:41, 11 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:41 to 19:14, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:14 to 06:40 Thu, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Rohini spans 40°00′–53°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 46°40′. It leaves at 16:37, for Mrigashira.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 182.3° + 47.2° = 229.5°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 226°40′–240°00′ is the 18th, Variyana. It ends at 22:42, then Parigha.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Chaturthi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 01:37, when the lead reached 222°; Balava runs until 12:02.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:41 to 06:40 Thu, so the hours after midnight still belong to Budhawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Oct, with the Sun in Tula, begins Kartika. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Kartika here, and Ashwina in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 188.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.