Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 14 Oct 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 144°–156° is the 13th, Shukla Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 05:44 here. Dwadashi ended at 10:45 Thu, before it. Trayodashi ends at 08:06, when the lead reaches 156°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 30 Sep, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Chaturdashi began at 08:06 and ended at 04:55 Sat, between the sunrises of 05:44 and 05:43 Sat. Friday reads Trayodashi and Saturday reads Purnima: Chaturdashi is a kshaya tithi here.

The night of Thu 13 Oct ran from sunset 18:12 Thu to sunrise 05:44, 11 h 32 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 46 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 05:44 to 18:13, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:13 to 05:43 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Purva Bhadrapada spans 320°00′–333°20′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 330°. It leaves at 07:55, for Uttara Bhadrapada.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 177.3° + 332° = 509.3°, one full turn and 149.3°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 146°40′–160°00′ is the 12th, Dhruva. It ends at 21:58, then Vyaghata.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Kaulava and the second Taitila. Kaulava ended at 21:30 Thu, when the lead reached 150°; Taitila runs until 08:06.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 05:44 to 05:43 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Kanya gives Ashwina. The Sun enters Tula on 16 Oct, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Oct, finds it in Tula and begins Kartika.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, began Ashwina. This Shukla paksha reads Ashwina in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 183.3° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.