Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 23 Sep 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 264°–276° is the 23rd, Krishna Ashtami. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:01 here. Saptami ended at 19:49 Thu, before it. Ashtami ends at 18:10, when the lead reaches 276°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 16 Sep, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

The night of Thu 22 Sep ran from sunset 18:08 Thu to sunrise 06:01, 11 h 53 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 47 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:01 to 18:08, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 30 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 18:08 to 06:00 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 29 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 4 at 63°20′. It leaves at 06:51, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 156.7° + 66.2° = 222.9°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 12:12, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Ashtami is Balava and the second Kaulava. Balava runs until 06:56, when the lead reaches 270°; Kaulava until 18:10.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:01 to 06:00 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Simha gives Bhadrapada. The Sun enters Kanya on 16 Sep, inside the month. The next new moon, 30 Sep, finds it in Kanya and begins Ashwina.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 30 Sep, with the Sun in Kanya, begins Ashwina. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashwina here, and Bhadrapada in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 162.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.