Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Sun 24 Apr 2016

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 192°–204° is the 17th, Krishna Dwitiya. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:24 here. Pratipada ended at 04:49 Sat, before it. Dwitiya ends at 07:04, when the lead reaches 204°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 22 Apr, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise. Dwitiya began at 04:49 Sat, before sunrise at 06:24 Sat, and ends at 07:04, after the next sunrise at 06:24. Both days read Dwitiya: it is a vriddhi tithi here.

The night of Sat 23 Apr ran from sunset 17:57 Sat to sunrise 06:24, 12 h 27 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 49 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:24 to 17:57, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 26 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:57 to 06:24 Mon, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 33 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Anuradha spans 213°20′–226°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 213°20′. It leaves at 07:09 Mon, for Jyeshtha.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 10.5° + 214.2° = 224.7°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 213°20′–226°40′ is the 17th, Vyatipata. It ends at 09:53, then Variyana.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwitiya is Taitila and the second Garaja. Taitila ended at 17:59 Sat, when the lead reached 198°; Garaja runs until 07:04.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:24 to 06:24 Mon, so the hours after midnight still belong to Raviwara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Meena gives Chaitra. The Sun enters Mesha on 13 Apr, inside the month. The next new moon, 6 May, finds it in Mesha and begins Vaishakha.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 6 May, with the Sun in Mesha, begins Vaishakha. Until then this Krishna paksha reads Vaishakha here, and Chaitra in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 7 Apr 2016, 08:23 Thu. Since then the Sun has moved 16.5° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2073; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1938.