Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Fri 19 Feb 2016

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 13:56 on Fri 19 Feb to 14:16 on Sat 20 Feb, so only Friday’s pradosha (19:44–22:01) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 132°–144° is the 12th, Shukla Dwadashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 07:08 here. Ekadashi ended at 14:03 Thu, before it. Dwadashi ends at 13:56, when the lead reaches 144°. The lead passed 0° at the new moon of 8 Feb, so the Moon is waxing: Shukla paksha.

The night of Thu 18 Feb ran from sunset 19:45 Thu to sunrise 07:08, 11 h 23 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 45 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 07:08 to 19:44, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 34 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 19:44 to 07:08 Sat, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 25 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Punarvasu spans 80°00′–93°20′; the Moon entered its pada 3 at 86°40′. It leaves at 19:28, for Pushya.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 306.1° + 86.7° = 392.8°, one full turn and 32.8°. Past the turn, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, it gives the yoga: 26°40′–40°00′ is the 3rd, Ayushmana. It ends at 19:36, then Saubhagya.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Dwadashi is Bava and the second Balava. Bava ended at 01:56, when the lead reached 138°; Balava runs until 13:56.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 07:08 to 07:08 Sat, so the hours after midnight still belong to Shukrawara.

An amanta month runs from new moon to new moon and takes its name from the rashi the Sun is in at the new moon that begins it: Makara gives Magha. The Sun enters Kumbha on 13 Feb, inside the month. The next new moon, 8 Mar, finds it in Kumbha and begins Phalguna.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 8 Feb, with the Sun in Makara, began Magha. This Shukla paksha reads Magha in both counts.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 06:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 330.7° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.