Panchang in Ipameri, Goiás, Brazil Mon 13 Jul 2015

Shiva’s Pradosh puja is done in pradosha, the 3 muhurtas after sunset. Trayodashi runs from 22:56 on Sun 12 Jul to 22:20 on Mon 13 Jul, so only Monday’s pradosha (17:53–20:27) falls within it. No text giving Pradosh Vrat’s time was found; pradosha is Tithika’s convention.

Pradosh Vrat: every date in Ipameri

Shiva’s worship centres on nishitha, the midnight muhurta. Chaturdashi runs from 22:20 on Mon 13 Jul to 22:08 on Tue 14 Jul, so only Monday night’s nishitha (23:52–00:44 Tue) falls within it. No text giving Masik Shivratri’s time was found; nishitha is Tithika’s convention.

Masik Shivratri: every date in Ipameri

The Moon gains on the Sun about 12° a day. Each 12° of lead is one tithi: 324°–336° is the 28th, Krishna Trayodashi. A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise, 06:44 here. Dwadashi ended at 22:56 Sun, before it. Trayodashi ends at 22:20, when the lead reaches 336°. The lead passed 180° at the full moon of 1 Jul, so the Moon is waning: Krishna paksha.

A day takes the tithi in force at its sunrise.

New Delhi · IST

Sunrise here, 05:32, came before Dwadashi ended at 07:26: this day reads Dwadashi.

Ipameri · UTC−3

Sunrise here, 06:44, came after Dwadashi ended at 22:56 Sun: this day reads Trayodashi.

The night of Sun 12 Jul ran from sunset 17:52 Sun to sunrise 06:44, 12 h 52 m. Cut into 15 muhurtas of 51 m, its 14th is Brahma Muhurta, the one before the last.

Daylight here, 06:44 to 17:53, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 23 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The night here, 17:53 to 06:44 Tue, splits into 8 choghadiyas of 1 h 36 m. Their names follow a fixed order that starts from the weekday, and each name is counted good, neutral or bad.

The fixed stars divide the Moon's path into 27 nakshatras of 13°20′, each in 4 padas of 3°20′. Mrigashira spans 53°20′–66°40′; the Moon entered its pada 1 at 53°20′. It leaves at 04:35 Tue, for Ardra.

Add the Sun's and the Moon's places among the stars: 86.6° + 54.6° = 141.2°. The sum, cut into 27 parts of 13°20′, gives the yoga: 133°20′–146°40′ is the 11th, Vriddhi. It ends at 15:50, then Dhruva.

A karana is half a tithi: 6° of the Moon's lead, so the first half of Trayodashi is Garaja and the second Vanija. Garaja runs until 10:35, when the lead reaches 330°; Vanija until 22:20.

A Hindu day runs from one sunrise to the next, not midnight to midnight. This one runs 06:44 to 06:44 Tue, so the hours after midnight still belong to Somawara.

A month normally holds one sankranti, the Sun's entry into a new rashi. From 16 Jun 11:05 Tue to 15 Jul 22:24 Wed the Sun stayed in Mithuna, entering Karka at 16 Jul 19:32 Thu, after the new moon. A month with no sankranti is Adhika Ashadha, before Ashadha itself.

A purnimanta month runs from full moon to full moon, so its waning half comes first. It shares its name with the amanta month that its second half falls in: the new moon of 15 Jul, with the Sun in Mithuna, begins Ashadha (Adhik). Until then this Krishna paksha reads Ashadha (Adhik) here, and Ashadha (Adhik) in the amanta count.

A samvat year begins with Chaitra, the month whose new moon finds the Sun in Meena: 20 Mar 2015, 06:36 Fri. Since then the Sun has moved 111.2° round the stars. Vikram Samvat numbers that year 2072; Shaka Samvat numbers it 1937.